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leetcode——[121]Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock买卖股票的最佳时机

题目

给定一个数组,它的第 i 个元素是一支给定股票第 i 天的价格。

如果你最多只允许完成一笔交易(即买入和卖出一支股票),设计一个算法来计算你所能获取的最大利润。

注意你不能在买入股票前卖出股票。

示例 1:

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输入: [7,1,5,3,6,4]
输出: 5
解释: 在第 2 天(股票价格 = 1)的时候买入,在第 5 天(股票价格 = 6)的时候卖出,最大利润 = 6-1 = 5 。
注意利润不能是 7-1 = 6, 因为卖出价格需要大于买入价格。

示例 2:

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输入: [7,6,4,3,1]
输出: 0
解释: 在这种情况下, 没有交易完成, 所以最大利润为 0。

Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.

If you were only permitted to complete at most one transaction (i.e., buy one and sell one share of the stock), design an algorithm to find the maximum profit.

Note that you cannot sell a stock before you buy one.

Example 1:

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Input: [7,1,5,3,6,4]
Output: 5
Explanation: Buy on day 2 (price = 1) and sell on day 5 (price = 6), profit = 6-1 = 5.
Not 7-1 = 6, as selling price needs to be larger than buying price.

Example 2:

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Input: [7,6,4,3,1]
Output: 0
Explanation: In this case, no transaction is done, i.e. max profit = 0.

解题方法

穷举法

初始假设最大利润为0,嵌套循环穷举所有的买卖情况与当前最大利润比较,取较大值为新的最大利润。时间复杂度为O($n^2$),这段代码跑了192ms,只超过了30.81%的Java提交。

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public class Solution {
// Method 1 192ms 30.81%
public int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
int res = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < prices.length; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < prices.length; j++) {
res = prices[j] - prices[i] > res ? prices[j] - prices[i] : res;
}
}
return res;
}
}

动态规划

前$i$天的最大利润为第$i$天股价减前$i-1$天最低股价与前$i-1$天最大利润之间的较大值。一次遍历,每次计算保存前$i$天的最低股价和前$i$天最大利润,遍历结束得到最大利润。O($n$)时间复杂度,这段代码跑了1ms,超过了100%的Java提交。

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public class Solution {
// Method 2 1ms 100%
public int maxProfit1(int[] prices) {
int maxProfit = 0;
int minPrice = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < prices.length; i++) {
if (prices[i] < minPrice) {
minPrice = prices[i];
}
else {
int profit = prices[i] - minPrice;
maxProfit = maxProfit > profit ? maxProfit : profit;
}
}
return maxProfit;
}
}
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